Age of the Condottieri: A Short History of Mediaeval Italy from 1409-1530

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Oscar Browning 1895
English
  • Ch. 1: Retrospect and Prospect, Pt. 1
  • Ch. 1: Retrospect and Prospect, Pt. 2
  • Ch. 2: Joanna of Naples--Muzio Sforza--Braccio da Montone and Carmagnola, Pt. 1
  • Ch. 2: Joanna of Naples--Muzio Sforza--Braccio da Montone and Carmagnola, Pt. 2
  • Ch. 3: The Emperor Sigismund--Pope Eugenius IV--The Rise of the Medici--Alfonso of Arragon, Pt. 1
  • Ch. 3: The Emperor Sigismund--Pope Eugenius IV--The Rise of the Medici--Alfonso of Arragon, Pt. 2
  • Ch. 4: Francesco Sforza--Frederick III--Pius II, Pt. 1
  • Ch. 4: Francesco Sforza--Frederick III--Pius II, Pt. 2
  • Ch. 4: Francesco Sforza--Frederick III--Pius II, Pt. 3
  • Ch. 5: Cosimo dei Medici--Paul II, Pt. 1
  • Ch. 5: Cosimo dei Medici--Paul II, Pt. 2
  • Ch. 6: The Turks in Europe, Pt. 1
  • Ch. 6: The Turks in Europe, Pt. 2
  • Ch. 7: Lorenzo dei Medici--Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Pt. 1
  • Ch. 7: Lorenzo dei Medici--Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Pt. 2
  • Ch. 7: Lorenzo dei Medici--Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Pt. 3
  • Ch. 8: Charles VIII in Italy, Pt. 1
  • Ch. 8: Charles VIII in Italy, Pt. 2
  • Ch. 9: Savonarola, Pt. 1
  • Ch. 9: Savonarola, Pt. 2
  • Ch. 9: Savonarola, Pt. 3
  • Ch. 10: Pope Alexander VI, Pt. 1
  • Ch. 10: Pope Alexander VI, Pt. 2
  • Ch. 11: Pope Julius II, Pt. 1
  • Ch. 11: Pope Julius II, Pt. 2
  • Ch. 12: Leo X, Pt. 1
  • Ch. 12: Leo X, Pt. 2
  • Ch. 13: The Sack of Rome, Pt. 1
  • Ch. 13: The Sack of Rome, Pt. 2
  • Ch. 13: The Sack of Rome, Pt. 3
  • Ch. 14: The Fall of Florence, Pt. 1
  • Ch. 14: The Fall of Florence, Pt. 2
Italy from 1409 to 1530 is synonymous with the Renaissance, but this was also the age of the condottieri, Italian captains of mercenary companies and multinational armies who fought in the service of city states, monarchs, and the Pope. Some like Ludovico Sforza in Milan seized power and founded dynasties in their own right. The merchant princes of the Medici family reached their apogee in Lorenzo the Magnificent in Florence, but faltered in the Papacy; Leo X proved no match for Martin Luther and Clement VII was powerless to avert the sack of Rome in 1527. Venice lost her overseas empire to the Turks, while proud King Francis I, defeated by the Emperor Charles and a prisoner in Madrid, was eventually forced to relinquish all hope of Italian conquest. (Summary by Pamela Nagami, M.D.)

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