Langstroth on the Hive and the Honey-Bee: A Bee Keeper's Manual
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182
1853
English
- 00 - Preface And Advertisement
- 01 - Ch 1: Introduction
- 02 - Ch 2: The Honey Bee Capable Of Being Tamed Or Domesticated To A Most Surprising Degree
- 03 - Ch 3: The Queen Or Mother-Bee, The Drones, And The Workers; With Various Highly Important Facts In Their Natural History, part 1
- 04 - Ch 3: The Queen Or Mother-Bee, The Drones, And The Workers; With Various Highly Important Facts In Their Natural History, part 2
- 05 - Ch. 4 Comb
- 06 - Ch. 5 Propolis, Or "Bee-Glue"
- 07 - Ch 6. Pollen, Or Bee-Bread
- 08 - Ch. 7 On The Advantages Which Ought To Be Found In An Improved Hive
- 09 - Ch. 8 Protection Against Extremes Of Heat And Cold, Sudden And Severe Changes Of Temperature, And Dampness In The Hives
- 10 - Ch. 9 Ventilation Of The Hive
- 11 - Ch. 10 (1) Natural Swarming, And Hiving Of Swarms, part 1
- 12 - Ch. 10 (1) Natural Swarming, And Hiving Of Swarms, part 2
- 13 - Ch. 10 (2) Artificial Swarming, part 1
- 14 - Ch. 10 (2) Artificial Swarming, part 2
- 15 - Ch. 10 (2) Artificial Swarming, part 3
- 16 - Ch. 10 (2) Artificial Swarming, part 4
- 17 - Ch. 11 The Bee-Moth, And Other Enemies Of Bees. Diseases Of Bees, part 1
- 18 - Ch. 11 The Bee-Moth, And Other Enemies Of Bees. Diseases Of Bees, part 2
- 19 - Ch. 12 Loss Of The Queen
- 20 - Ch. 13 Union Of Stocks. Transferring Bees From The Common Hive. Starting An Apiary
- 21 - Ch. 14 Robbing
- 22 - Ch. 15 Directions For Feeding Bees, part 1
- 23 - Ch. 15 Directions For Feeding Bees, part 2
- 24 - Ch. 16 Honey. Pasturage. Overstocking
- 25 - Ch. 17 The Anger Of Bees. Remedy For Their Sting. Bee-Dress. Instincts Of Bees
- Footnotes
Langstroth revolutionized the beekeeping industry by using bee space in his top opened hive. In the summer of 1851 he found that, by leaving an even, approximately bee-sized space between the top of the frames holding the honeycomb and the flat coverboard lying above, he was able to quite easily remove the latter, which was normally well cemented to the frames with propolis making separation hard to achieve. Later he had the idea to use this discovery to make the frames themselves easily removable. He found that, if he left a small space (less than 1/4 inch or 6.4 mm) between the combs, or between the combs and the sides of his hives, the bees would fill it with propolis thus cementing the combs into the hive. On the other hand, when he left a larger space (more than 3/8 inch or 9.5 mm) the bees would fill it with comb which had a similar effect. (Summary from Wikipedia)
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